There are three main types of grafts uses to graft trees.

1. The 4 Flap Graft and Whip and Tongue Graft are used to graft limbs in the 1/4' to 3/4'' diameter range.  They use dormant scion wood cut in February and stored in a refrigerator until mid May when the graft is actually made. The whip and tongue graft uses a diagonal cut on both the rootstock and scion (Grafted Variety) as shown in the link below.  The 4 Flap Graft is shown in the diagram below.  The basic principle ir to join the cambium layers (Dark Green Layer under the Bark) of both the rootstock and scion (Graft wood).  The graft union is sealed from air and water getting to the graft union.  This can be performed using various  materials such as Grafting Tape, polyethelyene material, electrical splicing tape, regualar electrical tape, graftign wax, or pruning sealers. There are numeous variations of each method.  The University Extension Papers below give the basic steps in grafting and you can tailor these methods to which works best for you. WHIP AND TONGUE GRAFT  YOU TUBE VIDEO OF 4 FLAP GRAFT  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CC7ZasquCK4

2. Bark Graft & Cleft Graft- These methodd are used to graft older trees with limbs up to six inches.  They use dormant scion wood cut in February and stored in a refrigerator until mid May when the graft is actually made. Bark Graft - The limb is cut off and the scion wood is placed under the bark of the limb  (As Shown in the Link below).  Two vertical cuts are made down the limb the width of the scion wood, the bark is peeled back and the scion wood inserted under the bark.  It is secured in place with a small nail (I prefer a stape from a staple gun).  Two to 4 grafts can be made on the limb.  All exposed cuts on the end of the limb are sealed with either polyethelyene bags, tape, grafting wax, or pruning sealer or a combination of methods. (I prefer rubber splicing tape covered with normal electrical tape.)  Air or water entering the graft will cause failure. The Cleft Graft is similar but instead of inserting the scion wood under the bark, a tool similar to a splitting wedge is used to split the limb and the scion wood is inserted into this split (Cleft).  All exposed cuts are sealed just like the bark graft.  BARK GRAFTING PECANS   -       CLEFT GRAFTING

3. Bud Grafting - Bud grafting is done in the summer (Late July-Early August) using buds from the spring growth.  The scion wod is cut the same day as the graft.  The bud is cut from the scion wood and inserted into a cut made in the  limb to be grafted. The bud is sealed with rubber budding strips.  If the graft takes the leaf stem will fall off.  the following spring the limb is pruned back to the bud graft to force the bud to grow.  the advantages of this method are that scion wood does not have to be stored and les scion wood is usde because each bud can be used for a different graft.   YOU TUBE VIDEO ON BUD GRAFTING http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2325345859188922289&ei=0qpbS5HtNp70qAK6pJjTCQ&q=BUD+GRAFTING#   BUD GRAFTING PAPER

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